เกลือแกงคืออะไร มีประโยชน์อย่างไร

เกลือแกง (Sodium Chloride หรือ Common Salt) คือสารให้ความเค็มชนิดหนึ่งที่นิมยมใช้กัน หรือพูดอีกนัยหนึ่ง เกลือแกง ก็คือเกลือที่นำมาประกอบอาหารนั่นเองครับ มีให้เลือกใช้ทั้งแบบเกลือป่นและแบบเกล็ดขนาดใหญ่ (ซึ่งเป็นแบบมาตรฐานพิมพ์นิยม ^ ^)  เกลือแกงมีชื่อทางเคมีว่า Sodium Chloride มีสูตรเคมีคือ NaCl
เกลือแกงมีทั้งได้มาจากการสังเคราะห์ทางเคมีและจากธรรมชาติ แต่การได้จากธรรมชาตินั้นจะสะอาดปลอดภัยและมีราคาถูกกว่ามาก จึงเป็นที่นิยมมากกว่า โดยที่เราผลิตเกลือแกงจากน้ำทะเลนั่นเองครับ ถ้าใครเคยขับรถหรือนั่งรถผ่านมหาชัยและกำลังจะเข้าแม่กลอง จะเห็นพื้นที่ขนาดใหญ่ ขาวโพลนไปด้วยภูเขาย่อมๆสีขาว นั่นแหละครับนาเกลือ พื้นที่สำหรับผลิตเกลือแกงหรือเกลือสมุทรใหญ่ที่สุดของประเทศไทย เพื่อใช้ในประเทศไทยครับ…
ประโยชน์ของเกลือแกง
แน่นอนว่าประโยชน์อย่างแรกเลยของเกลือแกงคือการทำมาปรุงรสอาหารและนำมาผลิต เครื่องปรุงอาหาร ลองนึกดูนะครับว่าถ้าไม่มีเกลือแกง เราคงไม่มีน้ำปลา ไม่มีซีอิ้ว ไม่มีเต้าเจี้ยว ไม่มีซอสหอยนางรม ไม่มีเกลือป่น รสชาติอาหารคงดูไม่จืดเลยละครับ นี่ยังไม่รวมถึงเราจะไม่มีพริกกับเกลือสำหรับผลไม้เปรี้ยวสุดจี๊ดอีกด้วย ^ ^
เกลือแกงไม่มีประโยชน์เพียงแค่เป็นเครื่องประกอบอาหารเท่านั้น แต่ยังมีประโยชน์อย่างมากในอุตสาหกรรมหลายประเภท เช่น อุตสาหกรรมฟอกย้อมสิ่งทอ อุตสาหกรรมกระดาษ อุตสาหกรรมแปรรูปและถนอมอาหาร ยาฆ่าแมลงและยาปราบศัตรูพืช ตลอดจนอุตสาหกรรมสบู่และผงซักฟอก เป็นต้น
เมื่อมีประโยชน์มากมาย ก็ย่อมมีโทษแฝงมาด้วยแน่นอน ข้อเสียข้อแรกของเกลือแกงคือ เค็มมาก กินเปล่าๆไม่อร่อย (อันนี้ล้อเล่นครับ ^ ^) เนื่องจากเกลือแกงมีองค์ประกอบหลักคือโซเดียม ดังนั้นการกินเข้าไปมากๆก็คือการรับโซเดียมเข้าไปมาก โดยที่โซเดียมที่มากเกินไปจะไปสะสมและทำลายไต ทำให้เกิดโรคไต ดังนั้นที่คนโบราณท่านว่ากินเค็มจะเป็นโรคไตนะ ก็เพราะเจ้าโซเดียมนี่เองครับ

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